Urinary Chemstrip For Effective Screening Of Imbalances

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Normal Values (Glucose)

Glucose:

Diabetes mellitus is the chief cause of glucosuria. The sugar content of diabetic urine may reach as high as 10%, but 2 - 5% values are more commonly found.

Bilirubin:

Bilirubin may often appear in the urine before other signs of liver dysfunction is apparent.

Blood:

Hemoglobinuria may indicate a hematologic disorder such as haemolytic anemia, hemolytic transfusion reaction, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, or favism. It is also found in poisonings with strong acids or mushrooms, following burns, or in renal infection. A significant amount of free hemoglobin is found in the urine whenever red blood cells are present in excessive numbers.

Protein:

Marked proteinuria (more than 4 gm per day) is typical of the nephrotic syndrome but also occurs in severe cases of glomerulonephritis, nephrosclerosis, amyloid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and severe venous congestion of the kidney produced by renal vein thrombosis, congestive heart failure, or constrictive pericarditis. Moderate proteinuria (0.5 to 4.0 gm per day) is found in the vast majority of renal diseases as well as multiple myeloma, pre-eclampsia, and inflammatory, malignant, degenerative, and irritative conditions of the lower urinary tract, including the presence of calculi. Minimal proteinuria (less than 0.5 gm per day) is associated with chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic disease of the kidneys, renal tubular disorders and various disorders of the lower urinary tract.

Urobilinogen:

Urinary bilinogen is increased by any condition that causes an increase in the production of bilirubin, and by any disease that prevents the liver from normally removing the reabsorbed urobilinogen from the portal circulation. Urinary urobilinogen is increased whenever there is excessive destruction of red blood cells as in hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, and malaria. It is increased also in infectious hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, portal cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and infectious mononucleosis